The Security Sector Reform Monitor is a quarterly publication that tracks developments and trends in the ongoing security sector reform (SSR) processes of five countries: Afghanistan, Burundi, East Timor, Haiti and South Sudan. Despite an infusion of resources and an acceleration of programming over the past year, Afghanistan’s SSR process continues to face enormous challenges. The most imposing obstacle is the adverse security environment. In providing an overview of recent SSR developments, this edition will illustrate the challenges of carrying out a process of institutional transformation amidst an intensifying insurgency.