The rise of digital platforms has transformed communication but also enabled the spread of hate speech and divisive content. Algorithms optimized for engagement have created feedback loops that reinforce polarizing behaviours and narratives, highlighting the tension between user engagement and harm reduction. Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus and field provide insight into the interplay between platform structures and user behaviour. Platforms, as digital fields, condition user dispositions through algorithms and content prioritization, fostering echo chambers and reinforcing harmful patterns. While artificial intelligence (AI) is a critical tool for moderating content at scale, it struggles with nuanced context, low-resource languages and biases. Effective moderation requires hybrid models that integrate AI efficiency with human oversight to ensure fairness and accuracy. This working paper suggests promoting algorithmic transparency, strengthening global legal frameworks, investing in inclusive AI innovations, enhancing accountability through robust oversight and enabling users with education and tools to challenge hate speech and misinformation effectively.
