Mapping the Money Multiverse

Influential research. Trusted analysis.

“Money is no longer just cash in your pocket or numbers on a bank screen. It is becoming programmable, borderless and contested.…a vibrant continuum stretching from centuries-old coins to cutting-edge cryptographic tokens.”

In this opinion, S. Yash Kalash and Paul Samson map the ever-expanding multiverse of money, each category carrying “its own economic logic and inherent political ideology.” Understanding this spectrum of currencies and assets, they write, “is essential in order for policy makers to design regulations, for banks and fintechs to build the future of payments, and for investors to navigate the opportunities and risks of a rapidly digitalizing financial system.”

Raquel Garbers says that China has made economic interdependence “a Trojan horse.”

In this op-ed, first published by the Toronto Star, Garbers writes about the goal set by leaders at the recent North Atlantic Treaty Organization summit to up their spending commitments on defence. While these investments are “long overdue and urgent,” Garbers says, “they will matter for nothing if the allies — America included — fail to secure themselves against the decades-long economic warfare Beijing has perpetrated against the West.”

Further, “Canada’s place in the new global order depends in large part on making reforms to meaningfully contest Beijing.”

“Nationally, Beijing has been very active in developing domestic governance of AI, being the first country to implement binding regulations on select applications, such as algorithm guidelines and content generation. It has also sought to participate in global AI governance efforts, although its role until now has been limited.”

In this opinion, Raphael Racicot and Kurtis H. Simpson discuss the Global AI Governance Initiative, launched by President Xi Jinping in 2023, which frames China’s AI goals as global and safety-driven. But these commitments, they write, should also be viewed as “more than simply a search for a governance framework; they serve China’s broader global ambitions.”

Recommended

“The threat by Donald Trump to dismiss Federal Reserve Governor Jerome Powell has a parallel. As it happens, there may be lessons to be learned from the US’s much maligned northern neighbour, which faced a similar experience in the late 1950s.”

In this Financial Times op-ed, Pierre L. Siklos and Michael D. Bordo recount the circumstances that led to the Bank of Canada Act’s inclusion of the Rasminsky directive, cautioning that “the Trump administration should be careful what it wishes for when tampering with the Fed’s autonomy.”

Read “Political pressure on the Fed: an historical echo from Canada.”

Nov. 4 to Nov. 6 – 9:00 a.m. EST (UTC–05:00) – Ottawa: Co-hosted by the Canadian Intellectual Property Office, the World Intellectual Property Organization and CIGI, this year’s conference will explore the theme “IP Offices: A Catalyst for Innovation.”

Now in its eighth year, the conference serves as a key platform for experts to exchange insights and advancements in IP data, policy and research.

Join us this November! This hybrid event is free to all, but registration is required.

Follow us
                         
© 2025 Centre for International Governance Innovation