The environment surrounding nuclear power production is changing around the world, including in Canada. This paper discusses the Canadian mining of uranium, its subsequent processing, current enrichment technologies and the capital and operating costs of a modern centrifuge enrichment plant. On the basis of these reasoned estimates based on publicly available information, it is expected that enrichment in Canada is likely to be more profitable than exporting natural uranium and buying back enriched uranium. Assuming that an environmentally and socially acceptable enrichment site is selected, this report asserts that an environmental assessment would be unlikely to find significant adverse effects.