The international use of the Chinese currency, renminbi, continues to develop rapidly, which further diversifies the international monetary system and reduces its inherent vulnerability known as the "Triffen dilemma". Moreover, the burgeoning of international financial institutions centered in emerging markets, such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the New Development Bank, increases the pricing power of these regions and partially rectifies price distortions in international trade. However, this new type of international monetary cooperation is still at its early stage and full of uncertainty.

The Basel III capital standards have been gradually implemented in emerging market economies. However, the problem lies in how to regulate the shadow banking system. In these regions, monetary policies are greatly influenced by their governments' economic growth concerns and can hardly be treated as independent. This makes their financial markets greatly distorted, and rating the quality of corporate and municipal equities in emerging market economies is extremely difficult.

The successful establishment of AIIB with leadership from China greatly promotes economic globalization and regional integration. However, the huge swings of the stock market and economic slowdown in China blurs its future.

Mitigation commitments negotiated by nations under the UNFCCC are still too weak to avoid the potential dangerous climate disruption in the future.